The governments of Cambodia and Thailand have embarked on a United Nations-supported conciliation effort to address their longstanding maritime boundary conflict in the Gulf of Thailand. This initiative is being conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The foreign ministers from both nations provided opening remarks at the inaugural meeting of this conciliatory process.
Cambodia is advocating for the establishment of a single, unified maritime boundary with Thailand. Alternatively, Phnom Penh has put forth a proposal for a joint development arrangement that would enable both countries to share the natural resources found in the contested region. In contrast, Thailand has emphasized that the discussions should strictly pertain to the delimitation of the maritime boundary and has affirmed its intention to engage in the process sincerely. Previously, Bangkok had suggested that the dispute be resolved through direct bilateral negotiations.
The area of contention, spanning approximately 26,000 square kilometers, has been a point of dispute between the two countries for over 25 years. It is believed to hold substantial reserves of natural gas and oil, adding significant economic stakes to the disagreement. In 2001, a framework was established for the cooperative development of these resources, but this arrangement was terminated by Thailand in May following an escalation in tensions tied to violent border incidents between the nations.
Cambodia initiated the mandatory conciliation process under UNCLOS in June. As part of this process, an independent panel has been appointed to provide recommendations. However, it is important to note that the findings and suggestions of this panel are not legally binding for either party involved.